Udayapur District

Udayapur District (Nepali: उदयपुर जिल्ला) is one of the fourteen districts of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal. The district headquarters is Gaighat, located in Triyuga Municipality. Udayapur covers approximately 2,063 square kilometres and had a reported population of about 342,773 in 2021.

Location and boundaries Udayapur is bordered by several rivers, hills, and neighbouring districts: • The Koshi River separates it from Sunsari District in the east. • The Sun Koshi River separates it from Bhojpur and Khotang districts in the north. • The Tawa River forms part of its western boundary with Sindhuli District. • The Siwalik foothills separate it from Siraha and Saptari districts in the south. Part of the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve extends across the southeastern region near Udayapur, Sunsari, and Saptari. History Before the formation of modern Nepal, the area was associated with the Sen dynasty and the Kingdom of Chaudandi. The kingdom’s capital was located at present-day Chaudandigadhi. The district headquarters was formerly situated at Panchawati. It was transferred to Gaighat in 1972. Geography Udayapur lies between the Mahabharat Range in the north and the Churiya or Siwalik Hills in the south. These ranges meet toward the west and form the geographic setting of the Udayapur Valley. The valley is approximately 30 kilometres long and between 2 and 4 kilometres wide. The Triyuga River drains the valley and flows eastward toward the Koshi River. Approximately: • 67% of the district is covered by forest. • 28% is cultivated land. • The remaining area includes settlements, rivers, wetlands, and other terrain. Major rivers Important rivers and streams include: • Triyuga River • Tawa River • Vaidyanath River • Baruwa River • Kakaru River • Yari River • Bahadura River • Rasuwa River The Sun Koshi, Saptakoshi, and Kamala rivers also flow along or near district boundaries. Physiographic regions Udayapur can be divided into three main geographic regions. Mahabharat Hills The Mahabharat region extends southward from the Sun Koshi River and covers much of northern Udayapur. This area contains steep slopes, rugged terrain, forests, and elevations ranging from approximately 1,100 to 2,310 metres. Notable highland areas include: • Lekhani • Majhkharka • Rautapokhari Churiya Hills The Churiya Hills generally range from approximately 550 to 1,100 metres in elevation. This region includes smaller valleys and plains such as: • Nepaltar • Murkuchi • Mainatar • Bahuntar • Bhuttar • Hardeni Inner Terai The Inner Terai region lies mainly between approximately 360 and 550 metres above sea level. Major population centres in this region include: • Gaighat • Katari • Beltar Some areas are vulnerable to river erosion and seasonal flooding. Climate Udayapur contains several climate zones because of its elevation differences. Climate zone Approximate elevation Share of district Lower tropical Below 300 m 33.7% Upper tropical 300–1,000 m 45.9% Subtropical 1,000–2,000 m 17.8% Temperate 2,000–3,000 m 0.5% Population and demographics According to figures presented for the 2021 census, Udayapur has a culturally and linguistically diverse population. Major communities include: • Rai • Chhetri • Magar • Tharu • Tamang • Kami • Bahun • Newar • Danuwar • Damai • Sarki Major first languages Language Approximate share Nepali 51.3% Magar Dhut 11.0% Tharu 8.0% Chamling 6.9% Tamang 5.5% Maithili 3.8% Bantawa 3.6% Rai 1.9% Newar 1.7% Danuwar 1.5% Religion The district includes followers of several religious traditions, including: • Hinduism • Kirat Mundhum • Buddhism • Christianity • Prakriti • Islam Local government Udayapur is divided into eight local government areas: Municipalities

1. Triyuga Municipality
2. Katari Municipality
3. Chaudandigadhi Municipality
4. Belaka Municipality Rural municipalities
5. Udayapurgadhi Rural Municipality
6. Rautamai Rural Municipality
7. Tapli Rural Municipality
8. Limchungbung Rural Municipality | Local level | Nepali name | Type | Population | Area (km²) | Wards | | --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Triyuga | त्रियुगा | Municipality | 104,375 | 547.43 | 16 | | Katari | कटारी | Municipality | 60,168 | 424.89 | 14 | | Chaudandigadhi | चौदण्डीगढी | Municipality | 53,537 | 283.78 | 10 | | Belaka | बेलका | Municipality | 51,458 | 344.73 | 9 | | Udayapurgadhi | उदयपुरगढी | Rural municipality | 28,929 | 209.51 | 8 | | Rautamai | रौतामाई | Rural municipality | 20,418 | 204.08 | 8 | | Tapli | ताप्ली | Rural municipality | 13,377 | 119.11 | 5 | | Limchungbung | लिम्चुङबुङ | Rural municipality | 9,781 | 106.8 | 5 | Political constituencies The district is divided into: • Two federal parliamentary constituencies • Four provincial constituencies Udayapur Constituency No. 1 broadly covers Triyuga, Chaudandigadhi, and Belaka. Udayapur Constituency No. 2 broadly covers Katari, Udayapurgadhi, Rautamai, Tapli, and Limchungbung. Transportation Gaighat is connected to Nepal’s national road network through several highways. Sagarmatha Highway The Sagarmatha Highway, also designated NH-16, connects Gaighat with the East–West Highway near Kadmaha. It also extends northward toward Khotang. Madan Bhandari Highway The Madan Bhandari Highway, or NH-09, connects Gaighat eastward toward Chatara through Beltar and Basaha. Westward routes connect the district with Katari, Udayapurgadhi, and Sindhuli. Other national highway connections in or near the district include NH-12, NH-14, and NH-20. Notable places Tribeni Tribeni is located in Katari Municipality near the confluence of the Kamala, Tawa, and Dudhauli rivers. The area attracts visitors during Maghe Sankranti, when a religious fair is traditionally held. Rauta Pokhari Rauta Pokhari is a religious and natural destination in Rautamai Rural Municipality. The site contains a pond and a Mahadev temple surrounded by forested hills. Koshi Tappu The Koshi Tappu area is an important protected wetland and wildlife habitat near the Koshi River. It is known for birdlife, wetlands, and the conservation of wild water buffalo. Chaudandigadhi Chaudandigadhi contains the remains of a historic fort associated with the former Sen kingdom. The site is now located within Chaudandigadhi Municipality. Waterfalls Waterfalls mentioned among the district’s natural attractions include: • Odari Khola Waterfall • Khuwa Waterfall See also • Koshi Province • Districts of Nepal • Gaighat • Triyuga Municipality • Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve • Chaudandigadhi Municipality Source and attribution This page is a summarized and reformatted adaptation of the Wikipedia article: Udayapur District — Wikipedia Wikipedia content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Verify demographic, administrative, and political information against current official government sources before using it in an authoritative publication.